CheatPress

Zsh Shell with power globbing

Version 5.9 · source

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Start here

ls **/*.md
Recurse into subdirectories
ls *(.)
Only regular files
ls *(om[1,5])
Five newest entries
${var:u}
Uppercase a value
print -l $path
One PATH entry per line
setopt auto_cd
Type a directory to enter it
!!
Repeat the last command
autoload -Uz compinit
Load tab completion

Concepts

  1. History !! and !$
  2. Aliases global and suffix too
  3. Expansion ${...}, $(...), globs
  4. Command status in $?

Globbing

ls **/*.<ext>
Match files in all subdirectories
ls *(/)
Directories only
ls *(.)
Regular files only
Combine with a recursive glob: **/*(.)
ls *(@)
Symlinks only
ls *(*)
Executable regular files only
ls *(om[1,5])
Five most recently modified
ls *(Lm+10)
Files larger than 10 MB
ls *(mh-1)
Modified in the last hour
ls *(.N)
Match or give nothing, no error
ls ^*.log
Everything except .log files
Needs EXTENDED_GLOB for ^ and ~ patterns
ls *.(jpg|png)
Alternation in a pattern

Parameter Expansion

${var:-<default>}
Use default if unset or empty
${var:u}
Uppercase
${var:l}
Lowercase
${var:t}
Tail: file name of a path
${var:h}
Head: directory of a path
${var:r}
Strip the extension
${var:e}
Print only the extension
${#var}
Length of a string
${var/<old>/<new>}
Replace first match
${var//<old>/<new>}
Replace all matches
${var#<pat>}
Trim shortest prefix
${var%<pat>}
Trim shortest suffix
${(s:,:)var}
Split on commas into an array

Arrays & Maps

arr=(a b c)
Create an array
$arr[1]
First element
$arr[-1]
Last element
$arr[2,3]
Slice of elements
arr+=(<item>)
Append an element
${#arr}
Number of elements
${arr[@]}
All elements, each separate
typeset -A <map>
Declare an associative array
map=(k1 v1 k2 v2)
Fill a map with pairs
print -l $arr
One element per line
typeset -U path
Keep PATH entries unique
path is the array twin of PATH; edits to one change the other
path=(~/bin $path)
Prepend to PATH

History

!!
Repeat the previous command
sudo !!
Rerun the last command as root
!$
Last word of previous command
!^
First argument of previous command
!*
All arguments of previous command
!<n>
Run history entry number n
!<str>
Last command starting with str
^<old>^<new>
Rerun last command with a fix
history
List commands with numbers
Ctrl+R
Search history backwards
Up / Down
Browse history
Alt+.
Insert last argument of previous
setopt share_history
Share history between sessions
setopt hist_ignore_all_dups
Drop older duplicate entries

Options

setopt <option>
Turn an option on
unsetopt <option>
Turn an option off
setopt
List options that are on
setopt auto_cd
Enter a directory by typing it
setopt auto_pushd
Make cd keep a directory stack
setopt extended_glob
Enable ^, ~ and # patterns
setopt interactive_comments
Allow # comments at the prompt
HISTSIZE=<n> SAVEHIST=<n>
Memory and file history sizes
Set HISTFILE too, or nothing is saved
HISTFILE=~/.zsh_history
Where history is stored

Prompt, Aliases & Completion

PROMPT='%n@%m %~ %# '
Set the prompt
RPROMPT='%*'
Right-hand prompt with clock
alias <name>='<cmd>'
Define an alias
autoload -Uz compinit && compinit
Enable the completion system
zstyle ':completion:*' menu select
Arrow-key completion menu
bindkey -e
Emacs key bindings
Tab Tab
Show or cycle completions
source ~/.zshrc
Reload the config file

Directories & Functions

cd -<n>
Jump to nth stack directory
dirs -v
Show the directory stack
<name>() { ... }
Define a function
whence -v <name>
Say what a name resolves to
noglob <cmd>
Run a command without globbing
zsh -n <file>
Syntax check without running

Differences from Bash

Behaviour changes
Topic Bash Zsh
Unquoted $var word-split not split
Array start index 0 index 1
No glob match passes pattern error
Prompt read read -p read '?txt '
Config file ~/.bashrc ~/.zshrc
Ignore case nocasematch (#i)
read -r '?Name: ' <var>
Prompt text with read
[[ $a == <pat> ]]
Pattern test in conditions
(( a < b ))
Arithmetic condition
for i in {1..5}; do ...
Brace range loop

Recipes

Starter ~/.zshrc
autoload -Uz compinit && compinitsetopt auto_cd share_historyHISTFILE=~/.zsh_history SAVEHIST=50000typeset -U path; path=(~/bin $path)
Delete old logs, dry run first
ls -l **/*.log(.Lm+10mw+4)# review the list, thenrm -- **/*.log(.Lm+10mw+4)
Rename extension in bulk
autoload -Uz zmvzmv '(*).jpeg' '$1.jpg'
Split a path into parts
f=/srv/app/report.tar.gzprint ${f:h}   # /srv/appprint ${f:t}   # report.tar.gzprint ${f:r}   # /srv/app/report.tar